Duration 8:40

The Most Effective Endurance Training Method - The Science Explained

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Published 25 Jul 2020

What training intensity distribution shows better results? This video discusses the current evidence surrounding threshold, polarised, and pyramidal training models commonly used by endurance athletes. The small evidence-base of this topic remains an issue with regards to establishing a confident consensus, and therefore future videos are planed once more evidence emerges. Disclaimers: To Know Sport is not a doctor or a medical professional. Before starting any new diet and/or exercise program please check with your doctor. Use of this information (in the video) is strictly at your own risk. Any recommendations made are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The content in the video is for educational and informational purposes regarding the scientific evidence base on exercise and nutritional topics for healthy adults. To Know Sport will not assume any liability for direct or indirect losses or damages that may result from the use of information contained in this video including but not limited to economic loss, injury, illness, or death. Science is frequently based on average results, therefore due to person-to-person variability, individual results are not guaranteed and may vary. References Stöggl, T. and Sperlich, B., 2014. Polarized training has greater impact on key endurance variables than threshold, high intensity, or high volume training. Frontiers in physiology, 5, p.33. Hydren, J.R. and Cohen, B.S., 2015. Current scientific evidence for a polarized cardiovascular endurance training model. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(12), pp.3523-3530. Stöggl, T.L. and Sperlich, B., 2015. The training intensity distribution among well-trained and elite endurance athletes. Frontiers in physiology, 6, p.295. Gordon, D., Wightman, S., Basevitch, I., Johnstone, J., Espejo-Sanchez, C., Beckford, C., Boal, M., Scruton, A., Ferrandino, M. and Merzbach, V., 2017. Physiological and training characteristics of recreational marathon runners. Open access journal of sports medicine, 8, p.231. Seiler, S., 2010. What is best practice for training intensity and duration distribution in endurance athletes?. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 5(3), pp.276-291. Milanović, Z., Sporiš, G. and Weston, M., 2015. Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIT) and continuous endurance training for VO 2max improvements: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Sports medicine, 45(10), pp.1469-1481. Bacon, A.P., Carter, R.E., Ogle, E.A. and Joyner, M.J., 2013. VO 2 max trainability and high intensity interval training in humans: a meta-analysis. PloS one, 8(9), p.e73182. Kenneally, M., Casado, A. and Santos-Concejero, J., 2018. The effect of periodization and training intensity distribution on middle-and long-distance running performance: a systematic review. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(9), pp.1114-1121. Neal, C.M., 2011. Training intensity distribution, physiological adaptation and immune function in endurance athletes. Kenneally, M., Casado, A., Gomez-Ezeiza, J. and Santos-Concejero, J., 2020. Training Intensity Distribution analysis by Race Pace vs. Physiological approach in World-Class middle-and long-distance runners. European Journal of Sport Science, (just-accepted), pp.1-23. Plews, D., Polarised to Pyramidal Training Intensity Distribution: The Principle of Specificity is Key. Available at: https://www.trizone.com.au/20180314/polarised-to-pyramidal-training-intensity-distributions-the-principle-of-specificity-is-key/

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Comments - 487
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    @AleTheDLT3 years ago I recommend the book 80/20 running to anyone trying to know more about the subject-its a quick read 640
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    @ErLong18003 years ago After watching your video, I was very convinced that this might actually work, so I tried this out and designed a 1-month training plan based on your explanations. I am not a very experienced runner, I was averaging maybe around 30k/week that time. The high intensity parts (~25%) were in the form of two interval training sessions per week (X times 500m/1000m) and the rest (~75%) was simply slowly jogging. I increased the mileage by 10% every week (30/33/36/40). I ran a half-marathon before and after the 4 weeks of training (one week recovery after the training block). The results are amazing: I could lower my half-marathon pace from /km to /km, which I find very impressive. Thanks for your video and for inspiring me! I really loved the scientific approach and after testing it out "in real life", I am even more convinced, that this is a great method! Hope my case can show some people that this is actually worth trying. ... 748
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    @manuteabauvestit40273 years ago Fantastic that's clear , synthetic, practical and scientific based.. What a work man ! Can't wait for the futurs videos. Cheers from France, and thank you for your amazing work ! 39
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    @dhruvishkapadia35082 years ago Love the way you cover Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology 👌🏻 I understand you must be busy pursuing your PhD but would really appreciate if you continued making such videos regularly!! 24
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    @IainMabbott3 years ago Really interesting video. Glad I stumbles across the channelled. Now subbed and off to watch the rest of them! 12
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    @carinaasberg62363 years ago Been struggling a bit to plan my endurancetraining, this was VERY helpful! Thank you🙏😊 8
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    @proximacentaur16543 years ago Very clear, informative and practical advice that I will be bringing to my training. Thank you. 6
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    @gabofdz35963 years ago This video provides golden information. Thank you!! 6
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    @maartin97073 years ago This is by far the best "running-training-video" i've ever seen. 1
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    @daytonbath97553 years ago One other point to add to this video (great video) for anyone who is looking to follow something similar. This does not take into account in the weekly volume that you will likely (for a 5x 1k workout) need to do a proper warm up and cool down, this should be anywhere between 2-3km (or 10-15min each). One other thing to keep in mind for longer runs on Sundays is that intensity is very important, sometimes HR is not everything. Over time there is something called "cardiac drift" meaning that into the area of 1h30min-2h the heart rate will steadily increase likely due to environmental factors like heat and dehydration. There isn't only one way to do it but being mindful of how your body feels on the day to day is equally as important as training structure. Happy running ... 167
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    @kevincarter48302 years ago Great video 👍👍👍
    A point on race pace %.
    I do a lot of indoor rowing and a lot of programmes work off race pace for your 2k time. Lots of people report back that they have had good improvements working off this system.
    I do think I a lot of newer rowers use this program and the more experience (from my experience and talking to others) tend to drift towards doing more zone 1 training and high intensity intervals.
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    @RayneShunner3 years ago clear and straight forward, i'm glad i got recommended this video. thanks a bunch !
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    @syedalikazim3 years ago I’ve found this video very informative. Thanks for your efforts. Keep up the good work. Wish u All the best 😊 2
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    @stormedbyhippiesc39663 years ago Great explanation of a complicated subject. This is really cool for breaking down training sessions and what type of training and each chapter of season
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    @dr.u.7623 years ago AN EXTREMELY ACCURATE AND WELL-DONE, WELL-DEVELOPED CONTENT AND RESEARCH SUMMARIZE IN LESS THAN 10 MINUTES. LOOKING FORWARD TO YOUR FUTURE VIDEOS.
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    @manningcorby49403 months ago I was going to comment how good this video was but realised i already did a year ago. Please make more on this topic! 1
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    @pentapandamusic7 months ago Thanks a ton for the clear and detailed and SCIENTIFIC explainations, loved it ! 1
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    @ninjashoyo9086last year Love this! Thanks for explaining and giving a practical example of it.
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    @manningcorby49402 years ago Excellent video. Great scientific info delivered succinctly without fluff. Thanks!!
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    @maxlind29423 years ago Man, this really cleared some things up. I'll make a weekly training schedule based on this video, thanks in advance! 14
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    @cooldudep3 years ago Thanks for this video, makes alot of sense now.. I feel like I've beeing doing 80% of my runs in level 2 and the times weren't improving. 16
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    @seancullen993 years ago As he kind of outlined, it all depends on the race distance you are training for and where in the season you are (ie months from goal race). But either way, a middle distance runner would do less mileage and more intensity than a marathoner so even though training for both has similarities, the different demands of these disciplines require markedly different training. I'm a big believer in heart rate training mainly because it is ideal for keeping you within a range of exertion so that you don't over cook your training and are much less likely to get injured. Of course, you would not use HR if you were going on a race pace run or intervals but for all the rest of your training - easy, long, and tempo runs - HR is a great way to keep you from going too hard and wrecking your training plan.
    It's never about one specific session, it's about the training program as a whole. If you miss two full weeks through injury in the middle of a 12 week program to go for a PB then you might as well forget about it and regroup for another race. Often, an injury during an interval session or race pace run has its roots in needlessly overcooking the lesser intense runs on a regular basis - it all adds up to push you over the edge. HR training to temper your intensity on those slower runs (especially when you are feeling great!) can save you from this heartache.
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    @njsfer3 years ago I loved the content and subbed. Keep up the great work, this is precious information. 6
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    @roustabout4fun3 years ago I enjoyed the insight and found this video enjoyable...I will review and give some thought regarding strategic training....even as just an older age group runner-helpful info! Thnx. 1
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    @dimitarmetodiev28773 years ago Yo m8, recently discovered your channel.
    Well presented content, simply explained, keep it up !
    I subscribed !
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    @Dagoth_Ur_12 years ago Aerobic training is crucial, I didn't train my aerobic most of time as weren't paying attention and just running too hard (170bpm) so I was always training anaerobic as my anaerobic threshold is 159. I now started running between 139-149bpm to train my aerobics, it's so bad I have to almost walk to keep my heart rate this low, quite eye opening. So most people just running for health probably aren't training their aerobic health. I do slow easy runs now up to 8 miles most days, and then one harder threshold run/intervals. ... 35
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    @Devou1s3 years ago Good video with facts, research and beeing well-spoken. 4
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    @alexbond73 years ago Very good video. Interesting was the distribution of the running pace () as a maybe better training principle. This is basicly a training by power (Watt) which is widly used in cycling .... ... 8
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    @sascha17783 years ago Incredibly well explained. Thanks very much!
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    @pendarshahbazi46132 years ago Many thanks for this amazing video!
    Informative and out of assumptions. Purely based on research!
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    @christiaanroseboom84413 years ago Thank you for your hard work, really helpful 1
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    @akakak73 years ago Excellent presentation of training zones. 2
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    @kingneale62583 years ago Very high quality video 🙌, especially for a young channel 5
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    @kivo332 years ago Thanks for the clarity and quality of this video
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    @dtrjones3 years ago Thanks for this, I've seen a lot of videos like this but it's easy to get lost in the numbers. I found your video very clear and very nicely explained. I've always favoured the polorized approach leaning towards a pyramid near to races to it's nice to have that validated and makes a lot of sense, just like your video. ... 43
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    @saulgoodman54133 years ago I like the music in the background. It calms me down, while listening to you. Very well chosen :)
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    @jesfermamon48942 years ago I always love rewatching this video, it video really helped me a lot!
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    @tanishqrahuja9873 years ago Analysis of the routines followed by professional athletes would make for a great watch. 59
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    @sqripter2562 years ago This is an awesome digestion of the scientific evidence into something we can do - tomorrow. Great job! 1
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    @Will-yj9vf3 years ago Wacthing from brazil. Great explanation!! 2
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    @ToKiniAndy2 years ago This was super interesting. Would love to see more like it.
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    @silkekrieger-ford33613 years ago Thank you for this, fantastic content and explanation. Could you do a video about training blocks?
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    @doublevision54653 years ago There's so much more to training than volume of intensity distribution. But for the purpose of volume of intensity distribution, this is still an interesting video. Thank you for this video. 1
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    @paytonrules3 years ago Really liked this video. I was on a hunt for actual evidence-based information on heart rates, instead of people just saying "MAF says" or coaches asserting things, and it took a while to find this one.
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    @citrix1233 years ago Off session polarised training, on season pyramid, great video, 👏
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    @patricklyonsofficial2 years ago Hey I absolutely loved this video! Did you ever end up posting that video about the relationship between training volume and endurance performance? 11
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    @daaknait3 years ago Clear and concise, not like many other videos on the subject. Thanks! 7
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    @peteben96352 years ago I love the piano background music and great information too 1
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    @brendanryanknro86572 years ago Great content explained very well, will make my new plan based on the info.
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    @aswaminathana9 months ago Thank you for this video. It was helpful.
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    @theunknown21329last year This can only be done when you have decent weekly mileage. For someone just starting out and has never run let's say a 5k before, it won't work. My zone2 pace in the very beginning was min/km(15min/mile). There's no way someone can jog that slow with horrible form and not get injured. Get your mileage up at first without worrying about all this and just run. Once your 5k pace drops to sub 8min/km or 7min/km start incorporating this. Saying this from my personal experience. Maybe it'll help somebody. Also, your heart rate will spike very high when you starting running after a long time/break. It's totally normal. Just keep at it you can do it! ... 6
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    @ElteHupkes3 years ago Percentage of time vs percentage of distance is an important distinction that I don't see made a lot. In zone 3 you'll obviously run significantly more kilometers in the same amount of time than in zone 1. It'd be interesting to see how % of distance and % of time compare. ... 73
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    @IsmaelDiazIAGoupeFinancier3 years ago Great video!!! Question for you during the base season... shouldn't I just on what you call Z1 ...so I can build a better aerobic capacity and then start the polarized ? Thanks again 1
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    @CardinalGuy12173 years ago Just found this account and it’s amazing 2
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    @garshtoshteles3 years ago Commenting to help you with the algo. This is a great video and thanks for making it!
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    @jacksonm.65493 years ago I didn't search for your channel but got a recommendation from Youtube. The generic training plan you used as the example is coincidentally very similar to my own 1/2 marathon training plans I've used over the years. At first I didn't know why my plan had 50km/week, but it worked. As the years went on and I've moved to marathon then ultra distances, my first training experience was special.
    By the way...my Garmin has 5 different heart rate intensity zones. I prefer training by effort rather than pace - another reason I enjoyed watching this video.
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    @galanoftaa6439last year Thank you good sir for this valuable information. I would love to see a video on how this would apply to a combat sports athlete.
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    @thesodastreamer3 years ago Great video, I’d be interested to see this applied to rowing. I’m a lightweight rower and looking to improve my 2k. Fingers crossed you can do a rowing related video in the future. 16
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    @miodragtanasic777310 months ago excilent summary of basic parameter for anaerobic training beginners
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    @yamilbrenes3 years ago Very good, thanks, gracias from Costa Rica 1
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    @Dtagcity2 years ago Great video! I like how you simplified the whole thing.
    Around 2 months back I heard about the 80/20 easy runs split and HR training method. I tried it and it's working magic for me. Infact all my life I was told that easy runs was for old people and those who can't run so I actually never ran an easy run.
    I'm not a complete beginner but I've been very inconsistent. Only recently, I finally decided to be Consistent, fking Consistent! coz I got tired of sucking at it I guess ;)
    But I simply started without any research, mostly to avoid procrastinating again. Was a mess as I ran based on my mood from zone 2 to maxing out. Barely managed 4-6km and had to rest every other day due to burnout.
    When I finally tried out the so called easy runs that supposedly every elite endurance runner does, my distance increased to 8km immediately. That run was life changing as I never felt so nice after a run. I didn't even need to rest so I went the whole week, then the next week too.
    Ran a half marathon the 3rd week for the first time in my life. After a day of rest got back to 8km for another week and then 14km for the next.
    Found that I was pushing myself so dropped to 12km. And now, I'm comfortably doing 12 everyday without rest. My warm up and cool down session is strict so that might be what helped me adapt so quickly to my distance pretty much tripling in 2 months.
    That said, it's just easy runs currently as I want to build my aerobic base and get my body used to running daily. Not to mention, my progress is probably too fast so don't want to burden myself with anything else.
    After about 3 months which should be my 6th month of consistent running, I'm planning to incorporate some zone 3 again, likely going with the polarised split.
    Well, just wanted to say Thank you. There are many people who live under a rock their whole lives, some like myself are still in some prehistoric iceberg. So accidently coming across videos like these can often be life altering.
    Those that are well-researched and explained in simple terms, even moreso.
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    @PEBuddy3 years ago Excellent video! Very well explained and great visuals. What age would you say this is aimed at? 1
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    @AdrianTregoning2 years ago This is very good advice! Great video. One thing: When in doubt, do less. Consistency is key, if you over do it and get injured, the consistency is gone and so are the results. I repeat, when in doubt, do less. I found this out the hard way, many times, sadly. It took a few years of ultra running and too many injuries to jog the brain into some sense. ... 4
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    @clementtherrillion33743 years ago Thanks so much this was very informative. Please keep this kind of videos flowing !
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    @isaacmenendez74103 years ago It was very interesting, I am glad to know a bit more about the running zones and to know the importance of moving in the zone 1 for building endurance and stamina ,thanks for the información 1
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    @benhadman2812last year Would love to see that video on training volume, intrigued by the non-linear relationship
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    @arefrigerator3962 years ago I've always been an advocate of Dr Michael Greger's quote "what does the say". That's where you know what's effective and what's not. ✌️
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    @aethylwulfeiii650211 months ago Polarized training really helps make sure you stay in love with the sport. Once you get bored with long slow distances, you have crazy hard intervals to look forward to and maybe a group ride to try and break away from, but won’t get too burned out by not doing it more than two or three times a week. ...
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    @supotube3 years ago Great content. First of all it should be noticed that we know 3, 5 and also 7 Zone systems. You used 3 zones, great. But many others use Z1-Z5. 10
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    @CB-rk1qc2 years ago The body doesn't know distance it only knows time and intensity. That said distance can still be a good measurement as well. Good video👍
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    @chrismawata8755last month Great coverage! Does the time spent in each zone have to be segregated? Would it be different if in the same session you spend time in zone one and then come to a hill and charge up the hill at zone 3 effort and then flip back to zone one effort, for example? Your heart might not go all the way back down but is it heart rate or effort that matters? The totally segregated schedules seem a bit synthetic. ...
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    @ErickOberholtzer3 years ago This recommendation just popped up on my feed, and looking through all of your video topics, with the music, I am MOIST with excitement. Looks like a cool channel sir! 1